Impacto da metrite puerperal na eficiência reprodutiva de vacas leiteiras: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Puerperal metritis is one of the main uterine diseases affecting dairy cows during the postpartum period and may impair uterine recovery and the reproductive efficiency of the herd. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the impact of puerperal metritis on the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows, addressing its relationship with the postpartum period, uterine microbiota, predisposing factors, clinical approach, and the reproductive, productive, and economic losses associated with the disease. The review was developed through the analysis of scientific articles, books, and academic materials related to bovine reproduction, postpartum uterine diseases, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The reviewed studies demonstrate that puerperal metritis is associated with an imbalance of the uterine microbiota, the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the animal's immune response, and factors such as retained fetal membranes, metabolic disorders, assisted calving, and inadequate management during the transition period. Furthermore, the disease can reduce pregnancy rates, increase the interval from calving to conception, raise the number of inseminations per pregnancy, and impair milk production, resulting in significant economic losses to dairy production systems. Therefore, puerperal metritis represents an important health and reproductive challenge in dairy cattle, highlighting the need for preventive measures, early diagnosis, appropriate postpartum management, and the prudent use of antimicrobials to minimize its negative effects on the reproductive and productive efficiency of the herd.