Relações entre desigualdade socioeconômica e emissão de carbono nas viagens casa trabalho em cidades médias: um estudo de caso em Araguari - MG

Abstract

Within the Brazilian context, committed to achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, urban mobility consolidates itself as a strategic axis of inquiry. The growing scientific concern over climate change drives research that articulates environmental preservation with displacement dynamics. In parallel, socioeconomic disparities, extensively documented in the literature, assert themselves as an urgent challenge for territorial planning in Brazil. It is observed that sustainability and social equity are intrinsic dimensions of urban development, directly impacting the right to the city and the promotion of collective well-being. Despite academic advances, a theoretical gap is noted in the correlation between these fields in medium-sized cities. In light of this problematic, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between socioeconomic and socio-spatial inequalities and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by motor vehicles in commuting trips (home-to-work), with a focus on medium-sized cities. Beyond this finding, the research identifies the road segments with the highest pollutant load in Araguari (MG) and analyzes behavioral patterns associated with commuting. Methodologically, a case study was conducted in Araguari (MG), employing data from the IBGE and field surveys, processed through indices, graphs, and maps (origin-destination matrices). The sample considered a margin of error of 5 percentage points and a confidence level of 95%. The efficiency parameters adopted include trip length, the chosen transport mode, the Energy Consumption Index (ECI), and the Emissions Index (EI). The findings of this study corroborate the existing literature, indicating that higher-income population strata exhibit greater emission factors due to the predominance of private motorized transport. Furthermore, the results suggest that urban form exerts a determining influence on user behavior, holding the potential to shape commuting patterns. Finally, it is understood that this research provides data as fundamental inputs for planners and public managers in the formulation of policies aimed at quality of life and urban environmental resilience.