Análise da cobertura vacinal da tríplice viral no Brasil (2017–2022)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine coverage in Brazil between 2017 and 2022, identifying temporal and spatial variations and their implications for collective protection. To this end, it sought to identify differences between the coverage of the first and second doses, here represented as D1 and D2 respectively, highlighting the outcomes of initial adherence and the challenges faced in completing the vaccination schedule, as well as comparing indicators across regions and states. The research used secondary data from the Ministry of Health (DATASUS/SI-PNI), considering as the study population the national vaccination records, analyzed in aggregate form without focus on specific individuals. It is a quantitative, descriptive, and documentary investigation that examined temporal and spatial variations in immunization in the country. The results revealed substantial differences, as well as a consistently high gap between the percentage of D1 and D2, indicating greater initial adherence to vaccination and difficulty in completing the schedule. Regional inequality was also observed, with higher coverage in the Southeast and South and lower in the North and Northeast. The temporal analysis showed a peak in doses administered in 2019, followed by a sharp decline in 2020 and 2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, and partial recovery in 2022. Based on both percentage and absolute results, a decrease in coverage was observed over the two-dose period, which may compromise the population homogeneity of collective protection and favor the return of vaccine-preventable diseases. In light of this scenario, we identified the need to strengthen public policies to promote increased vaccination coverage, expand adherence to the second dose, and reduce regional inequalities, as well as to continue evaluating indicators, expand access to services, and improve health communication strategies.