Descartes de resíduos hospitalares e consequências para saúde ambiental durante a pandemia COVID-19: revisão sistemática

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. Healthcare Waste (HCW) is defined, according to Brazilian regulations, as waste generated from activities carried out by healthcare service providers, whose management is primarily regulated by ANVISA Resolution RDC No. 222/2018. During the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a biological agent classified as Risk Group 3, a significant increase was observed in the generation of hospital and household waste, as well as greater occupational exposure among urban cleaning workers and recyclable material collectors. OBJECTIVE. To investigate the importance of proper hospital solid waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic, describing the management and disposal practices adopted during this period, as well as identifying the main environmental consequences and impacts resulting from the inadequate handling of such waste. METHODOLOGY. This study consists of a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and based on the PICo strategy (Population, Phenomenon of Interest, and Context). RESULTS. The search conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) identified 37 studies, of which 28 were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria, resulting in the final inclusion of 9 articles published between 2019 and 2024. The findings revealed a significant increase in waste generation, weaknesses in waste handling and segregation practices, and a high level of vulnerability among exposed workers due to insufficient information, unequal access to personal protective equipment, and the spread of misinformation regarding prevention measures and vaccination. CONCLUSION. It was concluded that the pandemic intensified pre-existing challenges in healthcare waste management and highlighted the need to strengthen public policies, professional training, and adequate infrastructure to reduce environmental and public health risks. Keywords: Environment. Healthcare Waste. Solid Waste Transportation. COVID-19