Processos educacionais e estratégias de capacitação para cuidadores de pacientes em ventilação mecânica domiciliar invasiva: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Background: Patients who depend on invasive home mechanical ventilation (IHMV) re-quire complex care, making caregivers central to ensuring continuity of assistance. In this context, educational processes and training strategies directly influence the safety, auton-omy, and quality of care provided in the home setting. Objective: To synthesize the available evidence on educational processes, training strategies, and capacity-building initiatives offered to caregivers of patients on home mechanical ventilation during the transition from hospital to home care. Methods: An integrative review conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, BVS, Cochrane, and SciELO databases, using descriptors related to mechanical ventilation, caregivers, education, and care transition. Qualitative, quantita-tive, mixed-methods studies and randomized controlled trials published in the last ten years were included and analyzed through a comparative thematic synthesis. Results: The studies indicate that caregivers often assume responsibility for care with insufficient preparation and significant gaps in the health education provided during the discharge process. Training models vary in duration, format, and depth, but evidence shows that structured training increases caregiver safety, perceived competence, and reduces stress. Factors such as social support, home follow-up, availability of nursing services, and ongo-ing educational programs positively influence the transition of care and the maintenance of home mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Educational processes designed for care-givers remain heterogeneous and, at times, insufficient. There is a need for standardiza-tion of training strategies, emphasizing practical instruction, post-discharge follow-up, and multidisciplinary support to ensure safe and sustainable home care. Keywords: Home mechanical ventilation. Caregivers. Health education. Care transition. Caregiver training.