Modelagem, simulação e análise comparativa das principais estratégias de conversão de energia elétrica em hidrogênio de baixo carbono

Abstract

The growing need for decarbonization in the energy and industrial sectors has driven global interest in green hydrogen as a strategic energy vector. Produced through water electrolysis powered by renewable sources, green hydrogen emerges as a promising alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions while enhancing the integration between the electric power and industrial sectors. In this context, Brazil presents particularly favorable conditions for the production of this input, due to the high share of renewable sources in its electricity matrix and the availability of natural resources. However, the connection of large-scale electrolysis plants to the electrical system introduces new technical and regulatory challenges, especially concerning power quality. Power converters used to supply electrolyzers are characterized as large nonlinear loads, capable of introducing harmonic distortions and other disturbances that may compromise network operating standards. Despite the advancement of public policies aimed at the development of low-carbon hydrogen, specific regulations establishing technical criteria for the access of these installations to the Brazilian transmission system are still lacking, making it necessary to investigate their electrical impacts under the perspective of currently existing regulations. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the impact of integrating renewable hydrogen plants into the Brazilian electrical grid through the analysis of different AC/DC converter topologies applied to electrolyzers, considering power quality aspects and contributing to the discussion on normative requirements for grid access.