Geoecologia das paisagens como recurso para análise ambiental no município de Marabá - PA.

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to apply the landscape geoecology approach as a methodological and theoretical tool for the environmental analysis of the municipality of Marabá, located in the southeastern region of the state of Pará, Brazil. Situated in an area marked by intense territorial transformations driven by infrastructure projects and mining activities, the municipality presented socioeconomic dynamics that caused significant impacts on natural systems. The research proposed an integrated reading of the landscape with the purpose of identifying the main geoenvironmental constraints and anthropogenic processes that reconfigured the geographic space. The methodology adopted consolidated theoretical frameworks and was organized into three main stages: organization and inventory, involving the systematization of information related to relief, geology, soils, vegetation, and hydrography; analysis and diagnosis, with the delimitation of geoecological units and identification of environmental impacts; and prognosis, with the proposition of sustainable strategies for territorial use. Data processing was carried out through the use of geotechnologies, particularly with the QGIS software, employing public databases such as those provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and ALOS PALSAR images. This study also presented a theoretical reflection on the construction of the concept of landscape, from its philosophical and artistic origins to its consolidation as a scientific category within the fields of physical geography and landscape ecology. Five geoecological units were identified in the territory of Marabá: depressions with argisols and weathered crystalline rocks; dissected plateaus with shallow soils and sedimentary lithology; crystalline hills with shallow soils; sedimentary plains and alluvial floodplains; and mixed reliefs with complex formations. Each unit was characterized based on its physical conditions, levels of environmental degradation, economic aptitudes, and associated risks. The results demonstrated the usefulness of landscape geoecology as a tool to support environmental planning and territorial management, providing technical and scientific input for the municipal ecological-economic zoning and contributing to the development of sustainable public policies based on the integration of academic knowledge, public management, and society.