Análise radiográfica e histológica da reparação óssea com enxerto omental autógeno livre na osteotomia unicortical da tíbia de ovinos

Abstract

The autogenous omental graft stimulates bone growth in response to injury, acting as a coadjuvant factor in healing by promoting significant angiogenic activity and accelerating bone repair. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the free autogenous omental graft on the bone repair process through radiographic and histological analysis of regions subjected to unicortical osteotomy. Six adult sheep were used in the study. A unicortical osteotomy measuring six millimeters in diameter was performed on the medial surface of the tibia in both limbs, using curettage. The right limb was used as the control, while the left tibia was covered with the free omental graft, forming the treated group. The bone repair response was evaluated through radiographic and histological analyses on days 15, 30, and 60 postoperatively. At 60 days, statistical differences (p<0.0001) were observed between treated and control limbs, with a significant reduction in the injury area in those covered with the omental graft compared to the controls. In the biopsy, the control group showed 83.33% (5/6) of the limbs filled with connective tissue throughout the osteotomized area, 66.66% (4/6) with newly formed bone at the edges, and 33.33% (2/6) with total filling by newly formed bone. Only one limb (16.66%; 1/6) had adipose tissue adhered to the periosteum. The treated group showed connective tissue filling the lesion in 100% (6/6) of the samples, with newly formed bone at the edges in all of them, but no complete filling of the defect with new bone. It is concluded that the use of the free autogenous omental graft in bone tissue after osteotomy in sheep showed adjuvant action in bone regeneration, stimulating and accelerating the physiological process, according to radiographic and histological analyses at 60 days postoperatively. This represents a model with translational potential that could contribute to the development of new approaches in bone regeneration.