Protótipo de estação para monitoramento do material particulado atmosférico

Abstract

The planet is warming at an alarming rate. Recent data show that 2024 was the hottest year since 1850, with temperatures exceeding 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. This scenario worsens air quality, directly impacting human health. The World Health Organization warns that 99% of the global population is exposed to dangerous levels of pollution, responsible for 7 million premature deaths annually. Fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) stands out as one of the main causes of these deaths. In response to this challenge, governments have adopted regulations to mitigate the impacts of air pollution. However, available monitoring technologies are expensive, require specialized maintenance, and do not adequately meet the specific needs of developing countries such as Brazil. With large urban clusters lacking infrastructure and remote areas without access to basic services, it is urgent to develop affordable and adaptable solutions. This study aimed to develop a self-sufficient, mobile, and low-cost air quality monitoring station focused on measuring PM₂.₅. To achieve this, accessible sensors and a microcontroller were used, integrated into a prototype capable of operating autonomously and transmitting data in real-time. The methodology included the selection and integration of components, bench and field tests in different environmental conditions, as well as statistical analysis of the collected data and a cost assessment. The results demonstrated that the station is functional, compact, easy to maintain, and resistant to adverse weather conditions. Data collection was continuous and reliable, with no apparent failures, facilitating data calibration and validation. Additionally, the estimated low construction cost will allow for the democratization of this equipment. It is concluded that the developed prototype represents a viable and innovative solution for air quality monitoring, especially in locations where cost and access to electricity are critical factors. For this reason, an opportunity to register a patent was identified, given the originality of the equipment; thus, registration was generated under number BR 20 2025 015021 8 at the National Institute of Industrial Property - INPI. Besides contributing to the reduction of air pollution impacts, this station can be a valuable tool for public health protection and the advancement of more effective environmental policies.