Assistência obstétrica na restrição do crescimento intrauterino em um hospital universitário de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant perinatal condition associated with high fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Its etiology involves multiple factors, including maternal, fetal, placental, and socioeconomic determinants. In Brazil, understanding diagnostic criteria and the quality of care provided is essential to improve management and reduce adverse outcomes. Objective: To evaluate obstetric care and neonatal outcomes associated with antenatal diagnosis of IUGR in a university hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on medical record analysis of pregnant women diagnosed with IUGR and their newborns who were treated at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia in 2023. Up to 748 pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling from a population of 2,516 records. Clinical, epidemiological, obstetric, and neonatal variables were collected using a structured form. Data analysis was performed using SPSS® version 30. Results: Most participants were between 18 and 25 years old and had comorbidities such as gestational diabetes and hypertension. The incidence of IUGR was 14.2%, with a predominance of Class I cases with normal Doppler findings. Pregnant women and newborns without IUGR showed better clinical indicators. Bivariate analysis revealed a higher risk of IUGR among adolescents, primiparous women, and those with cardiopathies or chronic hypertension. Conclusion: Primiparity and chronic hypertension or maternal heart disease were the main factors associated with IUGR, highlighting the need for individualized prenatal care and enhanced monitoring of high-risk pregnancies.

Keywords: Intrauterine Growth Restriction; Pregnancy; Obstetrics; University Hospitals.