Empregando programação paralela na proteção adaptativa de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica com a conexão de veículos elétricos e geração distribuída: uma abordagem via BDGD2DSS

Abstract

The Power System is subject to failures during its operation, making it essential to have a well-modeled and coordinated protection scheme to ensure reliability in power supply. In the context of distribution networks, reclosers play a fundamental role and must be adjusted according to technical standards and properly coordinated with each other. This dissertation presents the development of the bdgd2dss library, written in Python, which automates the modeling of electrical feeders based on the Geographical Database of the Distribution Utility (BDGD), enabling protection studies using real-world data and topologies. The tool allows for power flow simulations, fault analysis, and the extraction of key parameters required for protection coordination within the OpenDSS environment. To achieve proper recloser coordination, the following metaheuristic optimization techniques — PSO, EPSO, DEEPSO (and its variations), and C-DEEPSO — were applied, aiming to minimize operating times without compromising selectivity and the coordination time interval requirements. Parallel computing was also incorporated, significantly reducing simulation time and enabling the analysis of multiple operational scenarios. Additionally, the impacts of integrating Distributed Generation (DG) units and Electric Vehicle (EV) chargers on protection coordination were analyzed, highlighting the robustness and adaptability of the proposed methodology under modern grid conditions. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed library and the coordination method, emphasizing their potential for application in other Brazilian power systems. The combination of real data, open-source tools, and advanced optimization techniques underscores the relevance of the proposed solution for both academic research and practical improvements in distribution network protection.