Desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática a partir da análise da abordagem sobre interações intermoleculares nos manuais do professor do PNLD 2021

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the approach to the topic of intermolecular interactions in the teacher’s manuals of science textbooks approved in the 2021 PNLD (National Textbook Program). Based on this survey, the goal is to develop a didactic sequence to support Chemistry teachers in addressing this content. The research, in addition to having qualitative characteristics, is also classified as bibliographic. Through the analyses, it was observed that teacher’s manuals are present in all collections, with different organizations but featuring similar elements. In this way, the analysis categories were created: on the importance of concepts and the possibilities of application, experimental activities and teaching strategies. For the importance/application category, a variety of topics in which this content could be applied were identified, demonstrating the relevance of studying this subject. Regarding experimental activity guidelines, ten experimental activities were found, distributed across six of the seven teacher’s manuals. As for teaching strategies, they were identified in two different manuals. In the teaching strategies for molecular polarity, it was noted that numerous factors were considered in their development, categorized into substance physical properties, electronegativity difference, dipole-induced intermolecular interaction, vector use, and molecular symmetry. Additionally, two other teaching strategies for molecular polarity were identified (by symmetry and instantaneous dipole–induced dipole interaction). Based on the results obtained in this research, the didactic sequence was developed and applied in the classroom. Following its implementation, the Educational Product – "Intermolecular Interactions Based on Volatility Differences: A Didactic Sequence" – was created. This resource is intended to support (future) teachers working in basic education who have access to the material.