A evolução do uso do ópio pela humanidade: Uma breve história da desproporcional crise dos opioides dos Estados Unidos

Abstract

The so-called Opioid Crisis delineates the chemical dependence of a segment of the population on opium-derived substances, evident in both prescribed medications and illegally circulated substances within the United States. As a consequence of this phenomenon, there exists a notable and escalating mortality rate, framing the issue as an epidemic. This study seeks to delve deeper into the understanding of this occurrence by delving into the historical origins of the global use of these substances and the underlying factors that, since the 20th century, have propelled their disproportionate proliferation in North America. Through a comprehensive literature review, we analyze the roles played by governmental entities, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and parallel market practices within this context, drawing parallel insights from the presence of these drugs in Brazil. Accordingly, this article establishes connections between the disparities and resemblances in consumption patterns, public health policies, and the circulation of narcotics in these two nations.