Implementação de um sistema de sensoriamento em VANTs para a manutenção preditiva e atuação em emergências no contexto da Indústria 4.0

Abstract

The innovations required by Industry 4.0 will transform how industries work and relate to the final consumer. While new technologies arise and market demands change, profound transformations in all segments of society. In this scenario, promising areas such as embedded systems, remote sensing, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) in different contexts arise to meet the needs and challenges imposed on agents inserted in this process. This technological ecosystem aims to boost the development and improvement of production processes, enabling substantially modifying industrial sectors. Intelligent systems, cloud solutions, and data analysis have shown to be very promising for the maintenance sector. We seek connectivity, systems integration, and operational efficiency, among others, with minimal human interference. In this sense, this project presents a solution that covers the theme. For this, a system for monitoring the temperature and humidity of an indoor environment of interest, where the AHT10 sensory unit was a nano quadcopter model Crazyflie 2.1. To ensure interactivity using the communication protocol I2C of the sensor with the drone, firmware embedded in the vehicle hardware was developed and implemented, being the low-level application of the system. The flight control operations, the capture of logs relevant to creating a base of data, the treatment of the information captured, and the creation of the web application were made via scripts in the Python programming language. Three flight tests were performed, obtaining the average temperatures of 29.07 °C, 31.09 °C, 31.64 °C, and relative humidity of the air of 49.90 %, 44.48 %, 43.00 % respectively. It could be demonstrated that even in a restricted location, the atmosphere’s typical behavior, temperature, and relative humidity are modified with altitude variation. For heights lower than temperature, it is higher and decreases as altitude increases, in contrast, humidity-relative air tends to increase with height because, for higher temperatures, the air gets drier. We can also highlight, that due to the reduced size of the aircraft, the routines are more efficient, fast, and safe when compared to traditional ways of data collection, with this, the vehicle can be an excellent ally for the predictive maintenance sector. However, the results obtained in the monograph can be expanded to the use of more complex sensors, such as those developed for the collection of smoke and gases such as ethanol, among others, where the tests are more restricted and regulated, aiming at avoiding accidents.