O desenvolvimento do capitalismo no Brasil e na Rússia: uma relação entre Lênin e Furtado

Abstract

The transition from compulsory forms of labor to a wage labor regime marks a moment of great transformation in both Brazil and Russia. The end of the slave and serfdom systems, respectively, represents an opening of these states to new possibilities for economic development. Thus, the aim of this work is to understand, based on the works of Celso Furtado and Vladímir Lênin, how this transformation occurs, as well as to identify the similarities and differences of this process between the two countries. Furthermore, it seeks to analyze the relationship between two groups that stood out in their attempts to defend a set of measures capable of addressing the problems arising from the emergence of capitalism in their nations: the Brazilian papelistas and the Russian populists. In order to achieve these objectives, a qualitative approach of a basic nature will be used and, based on preliminary readings, an exploratory study guided by bibliographic review and comparative analysis, whose main references are the books Economic Formation of Brazil (1959), by Celso Furtado, and The Development of Capitalism in Russia (1899), by Vladímir Lênin. Through this research, it can be concluded that the transition to a wage labor regime marked, for both countries discussed here, the beginning of the development of the capitalist system. In the Brazilian case, this process originates in the change to the salaried work regime, with payment of wages, which generates demand for the domestic market, and in the Russian case, the production of means of production will be highlighted as a factor of great relevance. Additionally, regarding the analysis of the papelistas and the populists, it is understood that, although the intentions of these groups are very similar, the policies they proposed do not follow the same pattern. Therefore, from this perspective, the defense of Russian populism diverges from the idea of change proposed by the papelistas, who would be closer to the arguments of the United States populists.