Recuperação do emprego no setor industrial pós-pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil.

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound impact on both global and national labor markets, with particularly severe consequences for the Brazilian industrial sector. This article investigates the evolution of industrial employment in Brazil from 2014 to 2023, with emphasis on the effects of the pandemic and the subsequent recovery. The study is grounded in Keynesian economic theory, which highlights the central role of effective demand and the need for state intervention during periods of high uncertainty. Data from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) were used to analyze variations in employment levels and wages across different industrial segments. The results indicate that strategic sectors such as food and pharmaceutical manufacturing showed greater resilience, while traditionally labor-intensive segments such as textiles and footwear suffered significant losses. Emergency public policies, such as Emergency Aid, were essential in mitigating the crisis; however, the recovery proved to be partial and uneven, with persistent fragility in real wages. It is concluded that strengthening the industrial labor market requires public policies aimed at innovation, professional training, and the expansion of social protection, reaffirming the importance of the State's role in promoting a sustainable and inclusive economic recovery.