Sobre a preferência do processo de rebitagem em relação a soldagem na fabricação de aeronaves

Abstract

This work presents a bibliographic review aimed at justifying the predominance of riveted over welded joints in aeronautical structures. Initially, five welding methods with aerospace applications were studied — Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Laser Beam Welding (LBW), Electron Beam Welding (EBW), Plasma Arc Welding (PAW), and Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) — highlighting their principles, advantages, limitations, and suitability for joining low-weldability, lightweight, reflective, and often dissimilar materials such as aluminum and titanium alloys. A comparative analysis was then conducted between these welding techniques and riveted joints, focusing on the mechanical performance of each type of joint. The study also included a detailed overview of the riveting process in aeronautical structures, identifying its strengths and weaknesses and exploring potential improvements through welding alternatives. Subsequently, a review of productivity and application costs of the welding methods was carried out, with relevant data primarily available for FSW and RSW. The analytical findings indicate that welding processes do not exhibit significant mechanical disadvantages compared to riveted joints and, in some cases, even demonstrate superior performance. FSW and RSW, in particular, show greater industrial adoption due to their lower cost, high automation potential, and excellent joint quality. However, the continued dominance of riveted joints is primarily justified by operational factors, such as ease of inspection, disassembly, and maintenance — all critical in an industry that prioritizes safety and reliability. Therefore, a widespread shift toward welded joints would require profound changes in aviation maintenance procedures, regulations, and operational standards, necessitating long-term testing and consistent positive results before a true transition can occur.