Viabilidade econômico-financeira da implementação de um sistema de energia solar fotovoltaica em Uberlândia-MG: um estudo de caso

Abstract

This study analyzed the economic and financial viability of implementing an on-grid photovoltaic system on a rural property in Uberlândia-MG, a municipality with high solar incidence potential. The research, of an applied nature and quantitative approach, used energy consumption data, implementation costs and energy generation projections via the Designer® software. Financial indicators such as Discounted Payback (PD), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI) and Profitability Index (PI) were applied, as well as sensitivity analysis for variations in costs and tariffs. The results showed a PD of 4 years and 1 month, an IRR of 16% (higher than the APR of 9.5%), a positive NPV of R$ 220,971.99, an ROI of 51% (after 5 years) and an IL of 1,16. There was also a 77.43% reduction in payable Kwh consumption and mitigation of 1.453,5 tons of CO₂ over 25 years. The sensitivity analysis showed the project's resilience, even in adverse scenarios such as cost increases or tariff reductions. The conclusion is that the project is financially viable and in line with sustainability and energy efficiency policies. The analyzed photovoltaic solar energy proved to be a strategic alternative due to the high solar potential observed in the region. It is recommended that the model be replicated, preceded by sizing studies and tariff scenarios.