A complexidade sistêmica da inseminação artificial caseira: o olhar da bioética de proteção sobre a procriação humana como um ato de responsabilidade

Abstract

The legal recognition of existential interests and the new role of the State as protector and guarantor of rights have transformed civil relations, especially in the family. Although reproductive freedom is the result of a social construction, conditioned by living in a community, with bioethical, legal, social and political limits, we must be aware that social asymmetry is still a reality in Brazilian society. The public system does not have enough resources to promote universal and equal access to health goods and services, especially in the area of health services, especially in the reproductive area. Data collected during this research shows that there are approximately 192 active assisted human reproduction centres in Brazil, the majority of which are located in the Southeast region. region. Of these, only 11 operate in the public sector and only 2 provide offer their services completely free of charge. The inability to procreate can, therefore, be expressed as a source of intense suffering. In this way, the fertile ground for scientifically and ethically questionable practices such as practices, such as home artificial insemination. Also known as self-insemination or simply home insemination, this is an informal reproductive practice that consists of collecting genetic material provided by a donor for free or for a fee, usually contracted through online social networks. The collected semen is then inserted into the recipient's reproductive canal using ordinary instruments, without any technical or professional assistance. There is no supervision, legal or health control. It should be remembered, however, that human reproduction is an act of responsibility, because a new life will be born from it. Under this logic, unique methods are required to deal with controversial issues in the field of reproductive health, the central categories of which are the principles of responsibility and precaution, combined with the methodology proposed by the protective bioethics. The aim is to explain the systemic complexity of self-insemination practices from a non-compartmentalized, critical perspective in the light of the principle of responsibility and the thesis of protective bioethics. From a methodological point of view, it is a review of the literature by means of jurisprudential, legislative and bibliographical research, of a qualitative nature, whose methodology will be mainly deductive.