Desenvolvimento e análise de estratégias de controle utilizando um dispositivo de controle de temperatura e a plataforma OpenPLC

Abstract

Automation and control of industrial processes are fundamental to improving operational effi ciency and safety. In this context, Programmable Logic Controllers are essential for achieving effective control. However, their high cost and complexity can limit their use in academic and educational environments, which makes it necessary to seek more affordable alternatives for the simulation and practical teaching of process control. Thus, this paper aims to develop a small-scale plant using the Arduino Uno microcontroller as a Programmable Logic Controller for the implementation and analysis of temperature control strategies, in order to provide a low-cost alternative that simulates industrial control as closely as possible. To this objective, the open-source OpenPLC software was employed for configuring the controller in Ladder Logic and for communication between components via the Modbus TCP/IP protocol. Additionally, the Python programming language was used for system programming, monitoring, and supervision. In the study, two control approaches for the MIMO system were implemented and compared: the classical Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) technique with tunings made using the IMC and ITAE methods and the advanced Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique. The results demonstrated that both techniques performed well in tracking setpoints. The PID tuned with the ITAE method stood out for its faster and more aggressive response, while the IMC tuning resulted in smoother responses with less overshoot. On the other hand, MPC control proved to be an option with a smoother and consistent responses and good adherence to the mathematical model used, with the simulation contributing to the tuning of this type of control. Thus, integrating the experimental apparatus, OpenPLC software and Python proved to be an accessible and versatile educational tool, which brings the system closer to an industrial environment suitable for practical teaching of industrial process control.