fisioterapia em pacientes com fibrose cística: análise de adesão e perfil clínico

Abstract

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is a chronic genetic disease caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene, which primarily affects the lungs, as well as other organs. This condition leads to dehydration and thickening of mucus, promoting the accumulation of secretions that favor chronic infections and compromise the functioning of the lungs and other body systems. Given these challenges, appropriate management is essential, with physiotherapy standing out as fundamental for maintaining lung health and improving the quality of life of patients. Objective: This study aimed to identify clinical patterns and characterize data from patients with cystic fibrosis treated at the Cystic Fibrosis Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlandia (HC-UFU). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated the clinical profile of 37 patients with cystic fibrosis, aged between 4 months and 37 years, treated at HC-UFU between July and September 2024. The variables analyzed included sex, age, race, genetic mutation, presence of bacterial colonization, adherence to physiotherapy practices and physical activity. The data were distributed according to the demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample, providing a comprehensive analysis of the profile of these patients. Results: The sample included 48.6% mankind and 51.35% mankind, mostly white (75.6%). Children prodominated (47.2%), folowed by adolescents (27.8%) and adults (25%). Among patients with a known mutation, 24.3% had the deltaF508 mutation. Bacterial colonizations included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (51.35%), with some cases of simultaneous infection. Regarding treatment, 37.8% of patients undergo regular physical therapy, 59.4% practice physical activity, 32.4% have undergone spirometry, 13.5% use Trikafta, and 8.1% are eligible for this medication. Conclusion: Data analysis allowed us to identify relevant clinical aspects of cystic fibrosis patients at the HC-UFU outpatient clinic, showing that physical therapy is essential in the management of these patients; however, many still do not undergo treatment adequately. Encouraging the correct practice of physical therapy and periodic spirometry, in addition to access to innovative medications such as Trikafta, are essential to improve the quality of life and reduce disease progression in patients with cystic fibrosis.