Política habitacional e suas relações com a segregação socioespacial: Uma abordagem a partir do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Imperatriz/MA

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics that drive Brazilian cities is a complex task, as the urbanization process in Brazil is characterized by heterogeneity, complexity, and diversity. The urbanization of Brazilian territory intensified in a short period, highlighting various problems such as social inequalities, housing deficits, and socio-spatial segregation. The process of socio-spatial segmentation has worsened within cities, extending beyond the limits of the widely studied metropolises. This process also highlights the reality of medium-sized cities, which have become more complex due to the presence of gated residential areas in the city’s peripheral zones. This suggests an analysis that goes beyond socio-spatial segregation and indicates a trend toward socio-spatial fragmentation. In this regard, it is essential to investigate and understand the forms, processes, and contents peculiar to the country's urban dynamics. This research aims to understand the impacts of housing policy in Imperatriz-MA, highlighting its relations with socio-spatial segregation through the housing developments implemented by the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program – Faixa 1. Thus, the realities of five housing complexes were considered: Itamar Guará, Recanto Universitário, Sebastião Régis, Teotônio Vilela I and II. Methodologically, the study is supported by both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The investigative itinerary included the construction of the theoretical foundations of the study, data collection and empirical research, and the analysis and interpretation of the data. The research techniques focused on simple observation and structured interviews with the residents of the housing complexes, with the household head selected as the interviewee. A total of 25 interviews were conducted, five in each complex. Qualitative data were analyzed through categories and subcategories to identify points of convergence in the participants' information, associating them with field observations based on Bardin's (1977) contributions. Quantitative data were analyzed through the construction of tables, graphs, and maps, which were fundamental for interpreting the studied reality.