Tromboembolismo em ateria ilíaca direita em cão: relato de caso

Abstract

A thrombus is an intravascular clot attached to the vessel wall, formed by fibrin and blood cells, which tends to partially or completely obstruct the flow and is triggered by factors that alter the hemostasis mechanism, such as damage to the vascular endothelium, vascular stasis and a hypercoagulable state. Thromboembolism (TE) is when the thrombus moves to another location within the body, resulting in a clinical condition known as thrombosis, which may be arterial or venous. Aortic TE can lead to occlusion of the distal portion of the aorta and, frequently, of the iliac and femoral arteries, with subsequent ischemia of the pelvic limbs, with acute paresis and paralysis, bringing devastating complications and a poor prognosis. Treatment consists of protocols with antiplatelets, anticoagulants and fibrinolytics, which aim to reestablish blood flow to affected regions, promote pain control and supportive treatment. The surgical procedure of embolectomy is an option to be considered, however, the consequences and injuries triggered and intensive postoperative care must be taken into account. The objective of this study is to describe a case of thromboembolism in the distal abdominal aorta, in its trifurcation (composed of the right and left external iliac artery and the common iliac artery) and in the right external iliac artery, in a dog treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, the therapeutic, prophylactic, surgical procedures and intensive care in the postoperative period.