Eficácia e segurança de programas de reabilitação cardiovascular em suas diversas fases na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde de pacientes após infarto agudo do miocárdio: uma revisão sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular rehabilitation programs (CRP) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have an important role in improving coronary and peripheral endothelial function, cardiovascular efficiency, exercise capacity, positively impacting the reduction of the incidence of reinfarction, morbidity and mortality cardiovascular and global, as well as the hospitalization rate, currently divided into 4 phases: in-hospital phase 1 and outpatient phases 2 to 4. Objective: To investigate the benefits of PRC in all its phases in patients after AMI, safety and repercussions on quality of life and functionality. Methodology: 14 clinical studies published in the Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were included. Controlled and randomized studies that compared PRC of different compositions with conventional care, which were published in the last 5 years, totaling 2017 patients, were chosen. Results: The most used exercises in PRC were aerobic and resistance exercises. The most prevalent rehabilitation phase was phase II, followed by phase III and phase I. 10 of the 14 included studies demonstrated a significant improvement in functional capacity, as well as in health-related quality of life in all studies. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that CRPs improve quality of life, functional capacity and reduce depression and anxiety in post-MI patients, proving to be safe, viable and effective and, even at home, do not increase the incidence of cardiac events and mortality. Programs that use aerobic exercises in addition to resistance exercises, health education, patient empowerment and autonomy seem to be more effective.