Necropolítica, soberania e corpos descartáveis: dos corpos não ontológicos ao fim do humanismo

Abstract

This work seeks to elucidate the consequences imposed by necropolitics by designating individuals as killable through racism and colonization as classificatory presuppositions of bodies, contributing to the creation of a society sustained by racial dictates and marked by the potential end of humanism. To this end, this research primarily relies on the writings of Cameroonian philosopher Achille Mbembe, allowing for a fruitful analysis of contemporary society. The objective is, therefore, to demonstrate how necropolitics is related to sovereignty, operating through it. The sovereign context is always directed towards the administration of the life and death of individuals, disposing of them as desired. Punishments arise from sovereign power by dramatizing the reconquest of injured authority, targeting a criminal as a punitive form. With the end of punishments, there is a transition to the era of discipline and biopower, thereby giving way to state racism. Concurrently, the possibility of a death power is only viable with the foundation of constant states of exception and the classification of killable bodies based on the concept of homo sacer. It is consequently demonstrated how necropolitics relates to racism and colonization, considering the subalternization of bodies and populations. Between the colonized and the colonizer, a unilateral dialectic is formed, in which power always presents itself disproportionately. The colonized is rejected, while the colonizer is glorified, affirming their position of power while the former is subalternized. In the racial zoo, where bodies are exhibited for sale, the Black body is situated in a zone of non-existence, characterized as a non being. It is evident that society is maintained by a system of racial guarantees, in which the ascent of Black and subaltern bodies is not allowed, establishing a system of rejection for bodies deemed disposable. The death of a Black person and a subaltern is justifiable according to this social code. Finally, the formation of contemporary "worlds of death" is analyzed, aiming to understand how a society of enmity relates to changes in armed conflicts and the specialization of death-inducing means. Contemporary territorial demarcations reconfigure combat spaces and ensure the formation of vertical sovereignty, opposing bodies considered abject and foreign, and questioning their right to citizenship. To segregate, capture, annul existence, and prevent genetic transmission from generation to generation. All these perspectives consolidate the analysis of a possible end to humanism, enabled by the transformation of the body into a neoliberal system commodity and the replacement of the human body by machines, characterized as the becoming of the Black body in the world and brutalism.