Microrganismos bioestimulantes de alimento larval de abelhas sem ferrão na cultura da soja

Abstract

The agricultural modernization has boosted productivity, and the use of biostimulants is important to ensure efficient grain production with lesser environmental and economic impact. Consequently, the aim was to evaluate the presence of the biostimulant effect of the MQ16 and MS09 microorganisms, belonging to the Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus genera, respectively, found in the larval food of stingless bees, in soybean culture. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 10 repetitions. Each plot consisted of a 3 dm³ pot with substrate in a 1:1 ratio (clay/sand) and one soybean plant. The biostimulant effect was assessed by comparing agronomic traits of soybeans in 4 treatments. Treatment 1: plants without microorganisms; treatment 2: plants inoculated with MQ16; treatment 3: plants inoculated with MS09; and treatment 4: plants treated with Nemat®. Ten mL of MQ16 and MS09 medium grown for 48 hours were applied in the planting furrow, and the commercial dose of Nemat® was used. The evaluation included agronomic characteristics at the R8 stage, such as plant height, total node number, productive node number, total pod number, grain number, stem diameter, fresh and dry shoot mass, and root mass. To assess the bio-stimulating potential of the bacteria, analysis of variance by F-test and mean comparison by the Scott-Knott test (p<0,05) were conducted. Both MQ16 and MS09 demonstrated a biostimulating effect, increasing the total grain number per plant and improving productivity. Although MQ16 did not influence fresh and dry mass, it showed the highest average for the number of pods with three grains (NV3G) and significance for the number of grains per pod (NTG). MS09 exhibited a positive effect on soybean development and final production.