A economia de guerra dos estados fragilizados por conflitos: um estudo sobre a ascensão do Estado Islâmico Khorasan no Afeganistão

Abstract

Contemporary wars are marked by a decentralized state, reliance on local resources, external financial support, and economic incentives that promote political violence, which defines war economies. In the Afghan context, the civil war of the 1990s gave rise to the Taliban, which controlled the country and profited from cross-border trade and drug trafficking. The US intervention in 2001 and subsequent withdrawal of international troops marked the prolonged conflict. This scenario facilitated the establishment of the Islamic State in Khorasan, taking advantage of the economic and political fragility of the territory. Consequently, chronic instability in the country fuels a war economy, enabling the emergence of groups like the Islamic State in Khorasan, which, in turn, contributes to sustaining this state through illegal activities and external donations (sustaining the cycle by supporting such fundamentalist groups), thus perpetuating a cycle of conflict and instability.