Avaliação de densidades de semeadura do feijoeiro comum, nas características agronômicas, da cultivar BRS FS305, do grupo Calima, no inverno de 2019, em Uberlândia - MG

Abstract

Brazil is the third largest producer of beans in the world, with the states of Paraná, Minas Gerais, and Bahia being the top producers. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous, herbaceous plant belonging to the Fabaceae botanical family. Common beans play a crucial role as a protein source for food security and nutrition both in Brazil and worldwide. What sets this crop apart is its ability to have three annual harvests, with winter cultivation being a viable alternative to stabilize production and prices. This study aimed to evaluate seeding densities on five agronomic traits of the BRS FS305 cultivar, belonging to the Calima group, in Uberlândia, MG, during the winter season. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Água Limpa, owned by the Federal University of Uberlândia. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks (RCB), consisting of five treatments with four replications, totaling 20 plots. Each plot consisted of two rows spaced 0.5m apart, with a length of 5m, resulting in plots with a total area of 5m2 and a useful area of 5m2. Both rows were harvested. The seeding densities used were 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 seeds per linear meter to evaluate the performance of the BRS FS305 cultivar from the Calima group. This experiment was part of the Crop Adjustment Trials of Bean Cultivars, a collaboration between Embrapa Rice and Beans and the Federal University of Uberlândia. The agronomic traits evaluated were: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 100-grain weight (g), yield (kg ha-1), and final plant count. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance, F Test, and the means adjusted to Regression Equations. The results obtained in this study show that seeding density significantly influences the traits of number of pods per plant, yield (kg ha-1), and final plant count. However, the other evaluated traits, number of grains per pod and 100-grain weight (g), did not show significant interference due to seeding density. Overall, the results indicate that the optimal seeding density would be 9 seeds per linear meter, as it achieved the highest number of pods per plant and the highest yield (kg ha-1).