O café como tema gerador para o ensino de química: do livro didático ao desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática.

Abstract

Coffee is a drink that is present in the daily lives of many Brazilians and, due to its organoleptic and stimulating properties, it provides a pleasant pleasure to people's palates. Coffee is a source of employment and income for many Brazilians and, therefore, has great historical, economic and political importance for the development of the country, since Brazil is one of the largest producers and exporters of coffee in the world. In this way, this subject can enhance numerous approaches in basic education. One of them is in the teaching of Chemistry, since the chemical composition of coffee is complex and includes hundreds of different compounds, which contribute to the characteristic aroma of the drink. This research aims to analyze how the coffee theme is approached in the textbooks of Natural Sciences and its Technologies for high school, approved in the National Book and Didactic Material Program (PNLD). To this end, the seven collections approved in the PNLD 2021 were analyzed, seeking to identify the chemical concepts associated with the theme, the possibilities of relationship with other disciplines, the possibilities of contextualization, the images, the exercises, the experimental activities, and the existence of an ethnic-racial relationship approach. From the analysis carried out of the textbooks, it was observed that the coffee theme is addressed mainly in the exercises, but not as a central content, thus, it is necessary that the theme be expanded/explored in a way that enables the contextualization, interdisciplinarity and discussion of ethnic-racial themes in the teaching of Chemistry. From this analysis, it was sought to develop and apply a didactic sequence with this theme, which is the educational product of this work, entitled: "The coffee theme in the teaching of Chemistry: a didactic sequence". This was applied to students of technical courses integrated with high school and the Degree in Chemistry course, through a workshop at the Education, Science and Technology Week, at the Federal Institute of Goiás, in the city of Itumbiara, in October 2023. It is important to point out the contributions of the research and the elaboration of the educational product to my training as a teacher, because I experienced great challenges throughout the master's degree, but which were overcome and culminated in the work presented here, that is, even visualizing the failures during the application of the didactic sequence and including activities and experimentation that were not evidenced in the PNLD books, this didactic sequence (DS) fulfilled its role by achieving a positive interdisciplinary contextualization. In short, it is expected that this educational product containing the didactic sequence, the objectives and the activities, will enable other Chemistry teachers to develop methodological strategies on the theme of coffee in their classes, adapting them to their needs and the reality of their classrooms. I also highlight that the development of this research and, especially, the educational product, needs to be accessible to all, as it has great relevance for the critical development of students, that is, the didactic sequence with everyday themes can guarantee engagement and consequently their learning.