Sistema radicular, parâmetros vegetativos e produtividade de cultivares de cafeeiros na região do Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais

Abstract

The choice of a coffee cultivar to be chosen must be based on the productivity, quality and size of the beans, aiming to add value to the product. In this context, the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the morphology of the root system and the vegetative, productive and drinking quality parameters of coffee cultivars in the Alto Paranaíba region, Minas Gerais. The experiment was carried out in a drip-irrigated area at the Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Monte Carmelo, in a randomized block design, with six cultivars of Coffea arabica L (Acauã Novo, Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, IAC 125 RN, Paraíso MG H 419-1 and Topázio MG-1190). From august 2022 to may 2023, growth parameters were carried out, analyzing the number of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes per branch, length of plagiotropic branches and the relationship of productive and non-productive nodes. In february 2023, the following parameters associated with coffee tree root morphology were estimated: total root dry matter mass per volume of soil (MST), in mg cm-3; total root length per soil volume (CT), in cm cm-3; total root volume per soil volume (VT), in mm3 cm-3; total root area per soil volume (AT), in mm2 cm-3 and average root diameter (DM), in millimeter. In July 2023, the coffee was harvested by manual stripping on the cloth, evaluating productivity (processed bags of 60 kg ha-1), percentage of green, green cane, cherry, raisin and dry fruits, brix degree, yield, income, sensory analysis and classification regarding grain size and shape. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and, if significant differences were detected, the means were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% probability level. The cultivars Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10, IAC 125 RN, Paraíso MG 419-1 and Topázio MG 1190 showed a higher root diameter than the other treatments, with an average value of 0.471mm. For dry mass, Acauã Novo was the cultivar that presented the lowest average (0.44 g) in relation to Bourbon Amarelo and Topázio. The cultivars IAC 125 RN, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 stood out in terms of grain size, presenting a higher percentage of these grains retained in sieves 17 above, with an average value of 41.58%. The cultivar Topázio MG-1190 has better architecture related to biometric factors in relation to the other treatments.