Aplicação do filtro de Kalman na estimação dinâmica de estados do sistema elétrico de potência

Abstract

This work proposes the development of an algorithm for dynamic state estimation (DSE) in an electrical system using data provided by phasor measurement units (PMUs) in a real application. The Kalman filter is a powerful tool for DSE that iteratively updates its estimation of the system state based on new measurements, using a gain matrix to weigh the measurements and the system model based on their uncertainty. The main objective of this study is to perform DSE using Kalman-based estimation techniques, and to do so, the SMIB (Single Machine Infinite Bus) arrangement of a generator-infinite bus system was used. Through computer simulations, the dynamic behavior of the system was determined and an algorithm capable of estimating, among other state variables, the power angle δ of the system was developed. Finally, the estimated state results were compared to the actual values, and a brief evaluation of the impact of filter tuning on simulation quality was performed. The DSE technique is used to monitor the condition of synchronous machines, improve the accuracy of energy flow calculations, and provide early warnings of possible system instabilities, allowing potential problems to be identified before they cause failure. The results of this work provide insights into effective DSE techniques for electrical systems using PMU data in real-world applications.