Mapeamento dos Compartimentos Geomorfológicos do município de Ituiutaba/MG como auxílio para o planejamento ambiental

Abstract

The geomorphological map is an important tool for identifying geomorphological compartments, serving as a support for public authorities in the context of environmental urban planning. In this sense, the choice of the study area occurred due to the absence of a complete map of geomorphological compartments in the municipality of Ituiutaba/MG. Thus, the general objective of this research was to identify the geomorphological compartments of the municipality of Ituiutaba-MG to analyze the morphologies present in the study area. The specific objectives were: (a) Spatialize the geomorphological compartmentalization of the study area; (b) Delimit and identify areas of hilltops, slopes, and valley bottoms; (c) Identify some representative geomorphological features, such as drainage heads in amphitheaters and spring areas, concave, convex, and rectilinear slopes, V-shaped valley bottoms, more deeply incised, and those in a "cradle" with flatter bottoms; (d) Identify the main relief forms of the municipality with an emphasis on morphostructure; (e) Map and provide a general characterization of altitude, slope, geological, pedological, climatic, drainage network, and land use and land cover aspects. The methodological procedures adopted were: (1) Literature review and research; (2) Preparation of thematic maps: location, geological, pedological, drainage network, hypsometry, slope, and geomorphological compartmentalization; (3) Fieldwork at three representative points in the municipality of Ituiutaba/MG. The research resulted in a unique map of the area with a cartographic scale suitable for supporting the environmental-urban planning of the municipality. Thus, geomorphological compartments were identified, with emphasis on hilltops, concave, convex, and rectilinear slopes, V-shaped valley bottoms, cradle-shaped bottoms, and alveoli, geomorphological features such as drainage heads in amphitheaters (where springs are located), watershed dividers. Furthermore, it was found that some geomorphological compartments and features have environmental impacts, especially erosions affecting soils, resulting from the use and appropriation of relief, such as deforestation, soil sealing, and compaction, acceleration of erosive processes, floods, among others. Finally, some mitigating measures were proposed to be considered for geomorphological compartments and features. Therefore, it is expected that these thematic maps can assist in environmental/urban planning, aiming to support public policies for the preservation, conservation, and recovery of degraded areas and areas that suffer environmental impacts in the municipality.