A construção de inimigos promovida pelo governo populista de Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022) na política externa brasileira: uma análise de conteúdo dos discursos do presidente em fóruns multilaterais

Abstract

Right-wing populist governments bring to the realm of international politics a kind of rhetoric that directly impacts how foreign policies are formulated and implemented. Considering this backdrop, the main objective of this study was to analyze, from a theoretical perspective, the interplay between the populism of Jair Bolsonaro's government and its foreign policy, with a particular focus on understanding the implications of this relationship, especially concerning the construction of enemies. To achieve this, this thesis drew upon the contributions of prominent scholars to address key aspects of populism as a political logic, the relationship between foreign policy and the creation of threats, the intersection of populism and foreign policy, and the historical context of Bolsonaro's foreign policy. Utilizing the methodological approach of Content Analysis, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of former President Jair Bolsonaro's speeches during his participation in multilateral forums was conducted. The results obtained after the analysis reveal how the president incorporated elements of populism into foreign policy and sought to reshape the national identity of the state to legitimize and strengthen his far-right views. Consequently, the conclusions indicate that throughout his term, Bolsonaro deliberately created adversaries through his rhetoric, employing this narrative as a strategic tactic to consolidate a support base for his government.