Aspectos da evolução clínica e do tratamento instituído em pacientes com câncer após quimioterapia com doxorrubicina

Abstract

Objectives: To retrospectively analyze aspects of treatment, epidemiological and clinical data of patients diagnosed with hematological or breast cancer and who were treated with doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal, retrospective, non-interventional cohort study carried out at the Oncology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Uberlândia, between January/2015 and July/2020. The records found in medical records in electronic and/or physical means referring to patients treated with a chemotherapy protocol that included doxorubicin were analyzed. Results: 172 medical records were analyzed. Of these, 132 (76%) were breast cancer patients and 40 (23%) had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In a second analysis of these same charts, 20 patients were identified who had had at least two serial three-dimensional echocardiograms during the chemotherapy follow-up period. In seven patients (35%) echocardiographic criteria were found for the diagnosis of cardiotoxicity. Of the 172 patients, 102 (59%) were women. As for age, 19 (11%) were between 18 and 30 years old, 38 (22%) between 31 and 40 years old, 48 (28%) between 41 and 50 years old, 47 (27%) between 51 and 60 years old, 15 (9%) over 60 years and 05 (3%) did not have this information. The mean weight of the group was 68.1 kg and the body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 kg/m2. The data indicate a predominance of women over 51 years of age and overweight. Conclusions: It is understood that the lack of records in the medical records of sociodemographic data, aspects of cancer treatment and other evolutionary data of the disease, represents a difficulty in data collection and development of this research. The findings indicate that it is essential that the oncological patient be fully assisted during their treatment, particularly if doxorubicin is used. All details of the care provided must be noted in the medical records so that they can be consulted in case of need so that early changes and adverse effects are immediately observed and, therefore, the necessary measures are taken to mitigate risks. . Special care must be taken, from choosing the ideal treatment cycle to be adopted, to the complementary exams that will be carried out and include protocols designed to meet the general principles of the cardio-oncological guideline to minimize possible damage.