Associação de Bacillus sp. ao organomineral 06.30.00 na cultura do milho

Abstract

Representing the largest agricultural crop in the world in production, corn feeds several production chains, mainly the world's meat production. The crop is highly demanding in terms of nitrogen and potassium, followed by phosphorus (P), an element found in organic and inorganic forms in the soil. P participates in root development, flowering, fertilization, grain formation and maturation, causing severe losses when lacking. Considering the great importance of P and its demand, organominerals represent an innovative alternative, since they combine organic + mineral matrix for soil fertilization, in addition to carrying out waste cycling. Among the technologies that aim to increase the efficiency in the use of phosphorus in the soil, solubilizing microorganisms act in the mineralization of organic phosphorus and/or in the solubilization of phosphate from minerals, with the main genera of solubilizing bacteria being Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the effect of chemical, organomineral and organomineral fertilizer associated with Bacillus sp., in order to verify the efficiency in providing phosphorus to the corn crop in the early stages of crop development. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo campus, testing 10 treatments (MAP, organomineral 06.30.00 and organomineral 06.30.00 enriched with Bacillus sp. at doses of 100%, 75% and 50% in comparison with the control), 2 pots per plot and 5 replicates. Weekly plant height, root and shoot dry mass, P content in plant tissue and soil, enzymatic activity and bacterial count were evaluated. After analyses, it was found that, at 58 days, the conventional organomineral and enriched with Bacillus sp. in the dose of 100%, in comparison with the mineral source, it presented higher yield of height, dry mass of root and aerial part. In addition, the enriched organomineral and control showed greater enzymatic activity, while the chemical fertilizer had a harmful effect on the soil microbiota.