Efeitos da intervenção fisioterapêutica e educação em saúde por teleatendimento sobre a ansiedade em gestantes em preparação para o parto: ensaio clínico controlado randomizado

Abstract

Preparing women for childbirth with prenatal preparation programs is part of the global recommendations to promote a healthy pregnancy, with greater autonomy during labor, avoiding physical discomfort and high levels of anxiety. The pandemic caused by the coronavirus resulted in the implementation of social isolation measures to contain the spread of the disease, which brought the need to investigate programs for pregnant women carried out at a distance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of online childbirth preparation programs including health education and physical therapist-oriented exercises on anxiety in pregnant women. This was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted online through the GOOGLE FORMS and GOOGLE MEET platform. Primiparous women, with gestation between 20 and 30 weeks and with internet access were included. Participants were randomized into two groups: Group 1 - exercises and guidance in health education (topics related to pregnancy and childbirth + body awareness exercises) and Group 2 - health education (only classes on pregnancy and childbirth). Eight online consultations were carried out in groups of up to 10 pregnant women, consisting of training with exercises aimed at sensory, functional and labor training and health guidance on pregnancy, gestational physiology, delivery and postpartum. Before and after the interventions, the participants answered the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS- Brasil) online to assess the pregnant women's level of anxiety. The results showed that there was no difference in anxiety levels between the groups when comparing the pre and post intervention values for the subscales negative affect, social and the total score of the questionnaire (p>0.05). It is concluded that a health education program added or not to the physical therapy intervention by teleservice was not able to modify the anxiety of pregnant women.