Análise de índices econômico-financeiros durante a pandemia da covid-19: Estudo de caso em uma empresa do ramo de agronegócios

Abstract

The agribusiness sector is very important for the Brazilian economy. However, the recent pandemic experienced worldwide has affected society in several spheres. Therefore, this study consisted of understanding the behavior of liquidity and debt indices in a company in the agribusiness sector during the pandemic period. Liquidity indicators make it possible to assess the capacity and availability of funds to pay liabilities. In turn, debt ratios make it possible to analyze the degree of financial commitment of a company to its creditors. The study consisted of a case study, with a quantitative approach and documentary research, in which the balance sheet of a large company in the coffee, soy, corn, sorghum, wheat, and potato agriculture segment was analyzed, which resells the products for industries. The period considered was from 2019 to 2021, to understand behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. From the calculation of liquidity and debt ratios, it was possible to understand the entity's financial situation, along with the analysis of one of its competitors in the same period. The results showed that in the analyzed period, the company experienced an increase in equity, an increase in current assets and equity, as well as a decrease in debts to third parties. Despite this, it has liquidity ratios below 1 in all periods analyzed, which shows that the company does not have sufficient resources to pay its debts in the short term. As for debt, it was concluded that despite being low, the company concentrates most of its debts in the short term. These findings show that the company's liquidity and debt can be improved, which is possible given that it is large, with significant equity and continuous production, and because it suffers little negative external influence from crises such as the pandemic. This study contributes to the literature as it analyzes the economic and financial behavior of entities in the agribusiness sector, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results impact the practice of business managers and creditors of companies in this sector, showing that in the face of a health crisis scenario, the company can monitor these indicators to identify future situations or indications of equity, economic or financial risks, if they occur.