Características pedológicas dos materiais de cobertura no distrito de Altinho - Coromandel, região do Alto Paranaíba

Abstract

The region of Alto Paranaíba is recognized for its geological and pedological diversity. The area contains few detailed soils analyzes and mappings. The low exposure of outcrops due to the high intensity of weathering in tropical climates results in thick mantles of alteration and diverse soil classes. Identification of cover materials provides subsidy for detailed geological mapping and contributes to pedological surveys for genesis and classification. From the geological mapping carried out by the team of the Graduation Course in Geology, of the Federal University of Uberlândia in the region, an area was selected that represented this lithological diversity, to carry out the detailed pedological mapping, in scale 1:30.000. Morphological descriptions were carried out in six soil profiles and granulometric analyzes were carried out in 15 samples of layers and horizons, which provided data for the identification of pedogenetic processes and recognition of source materials (allochthonous and autochthonous). The pedogenetic process of brunification/rubeification was identified through soil coloration, which occurs by the release of Fe2+ from primary minerals, and the pedalization process, recognized by the development of structural aggregates (peds). Therefore, six soil classes were classified up to the second categorical level: Haplic Cambisol, Regolithic Neosol, Red Latosol, Yellow Argisol, Red-Yellow Argisol and Litholic Neosol. The Haplic Cambisol and the Regolithic Neosol are typical profiles of soils derived from the granitic rocks of the Monte Carmelo Complex and have a frank to silty frank texture. The Red Latosol is derived from the muscovite-schist of the Araxá Group and is closely related to the material of autochthonous origin with clayey-silty texture. Yellow Argisol and Red-Yellow Argisol are derived from transported sediments (alochthonous), but have genetic affiliation with the local geology. Finally, the Litholic Neosol is developed from the phyllite of the Abadia dos Dourados Complex and has a silty clay frank texture commonly found in soils originating from this type of rock. It was found that the recognition of parent materials from the characterization of weathered mantles and formed soils proved to be an essential tool for detailed geological and pedological mapping in regions with a tropical climate.