O colapso da UNASUL e a retomada das premissas liberalizantes nos processos de integração na América do Sul

Abstract

The South American integration experience has had different faces over the last few decades, and has been the object of study by many scholars of the region. The 1950’s import substitution regionalism gave the region a protectionist character, while the 1990’s liberal regionalism opened the doors of South American markets, adapting the region to the hegemonic model of integration. From the 2000’s onwards, South America incorporates a model of regionalism that goes beyond economic developmental premises, and implements a integration based on political and social aspects. However, this model dclines from 2012 onwards. The present paper seeks to analyze the processes of regional integration in South America, with emphasis on the creation and colapse of Unasur (2008-2018). It starts from the assumption that, after the integration model responsible for building the perception of a regional collective identity, there is a return of neoliberal premises, similar, but not identical, to those experienced in the 1990’s, from the crisis of the main post-liberal south american institution. To carry out this analysis, the present study conducted a case study of Unasur, and used theories and papers in regional integration area, as well as official documents and news from verified sites.