Avaliação de extrato de própolis verde para inibição da eclodibilidade e migração larval de Trichostrongylidae de caprinos

Abstract

Goats, like other ruminants, suffer from losses in their productivity due to infection by gastrointestinal parasites. In order to control these infections, these animals are subjected to recurrent handling with synthetic anthelmintics, contributing to the increase in the resistance of endoparasites to vermifuge, making their use unfeasible. Thus, several studies have verified the anthelmintic efficiency of herbal medicines, being a natural alternative, easily available in nature and free of residues. To verify the efficiency of using the aqueous extract of green propolis produced by European bees (Apis mellifera) in reducing parasites of the Trichostrongylidae family in goats, this study evaluated the influence of the extract in dilutions of 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL and 12.5mg /mL, 6.25mg/mL, 3.12mg/mL and 1.56mg/mL in in vitro tests, analyzing the inhibition of hatchability and larval migration. For this, feces collected directly from the rectal ampulla of naturally infected goats were used, followed by egg retrieval and quantification. For the hatchability inhibition test, the eggs were kept in contact with the extract in the six dilutions for 24 hours, after which the eggs and larvae were quantified in an inverted microscope. For positive control, distilled water was used, and for negative control Tween and Levamisole 0.025mg/mL. For the larval migration test, fecal samples previously conditioned in an oven were used to recover larvae in the third stage, followed by the addition of the same six dilutions of the extract, followed by incubation for 24 hours in an oven and another 24 hours migrating in 25 µm meshes and then counting in an inverted microscope of larvae that migrated and those that remained. Data were submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis, Tukey's test and IC50 using the GraphPad Prism 8.0 program. From the analyzes it was possible to conclude that the propolis extract showed high ovicidal efficiency, with the highest efficiency obtained at the concentration of 50 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL with 98.88% and 87.43% efficiency, respectively. In relation to larval migration, the compound showed low efficiency compared to synthetic anthelmintics. Therefore, green propolis from European bees (Apis mellifera) can be considered a promising compound for the control of parasites of the Trichostrongylidae family, especially in the initial phase of the development of this parasite.