Perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de linhagens bacterianas residentes no hospital veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials is directly related to the selection of multi-resistant bacteria worldwide. In veterinary medicine, these drugs are widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases, surgical prophylaxis and prevention of diseases in production animals. In hospital environments, resistant strains influence the occurrence of nosocomial infections that represent high danger to patients, who may also spread the pathogen to the environment. The resistance of these microorganisms to antimicrobials jeopardizes the therapeutic intervention in clinical animals with possible impact to humans through direct contact, which represents a risk to public health. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the presence of antimicrobial resistant strains with potential risk of causing infections in different sectors of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HV-UFU), to characterize the resistance profile considering the main antimicrobial agents of choice for treatment and to determine possible measures to control the problem. Monthly exogenous evaluations of the environment, water, hands and surface of seven sectors of the HV-UFU were performed, totalizing 540 samples, in 18 months. 407 samples presented microbiological growth, distributed in 22 genera/species, of which Acinetobacter spp. (80.0%), Aeromonas hydrophila (78.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. We identified the presence of 178 resistance profiles, of which 76 were MR. The betalactams represented the less effective class (p<0.05) and amikacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin the drugs of choice in bacterial control. The Small Animal Surgical Clinic (50.0%) and the ICU (36.2%) had the highest number of MR strains, to the detriment of the Large Animal Surgical Clinic (20.8%, p<0.05). Seasonally, we detected that winter represented the critical moment for the increase of MR (p<0.05). From the 13th month, the cleaning teams were trained to apply new hygienic measures, which resulted in the reduction (p<0.05) of the MR index from 0.36 to 0.18. The findings showed the circulation of MR bacteria at HV-UFU with potential risk of causing nosocomial infections of difficult resolution and that the implementation of strict control measures is effective in mitigating this problem.