Estudo das patologias advindas do binômio solo-fundação – avaliação das umidades ascensionais por vícios construtivos ou inexistência de estanqueidade da fundação.

Abstract

The current work had as focus the study of the consequences from the adoption of a constructive method where the foundation beams are buried, allowing, when there are construction defects, that the ascendant humidity reaches the walls; and consequently generate pathologies related to this constant humidity on the masonry. The analysis had as base buildings that were already affected by this issue; where it is possible to visualize the consequences from a clear view, but without taking in consideration factors as water action time in the construction. When carrying out the bibliographic research, it was possible to better comprehend this phenomenon, including the causes and results on the buildings, relating the concepts with the study of cases carried out during the research. Fourteen edifices were analyzed in two different constructive methods, where, using the FLIR MR176 equipment, ascertained the humidity values present in the walls chosen for studies during a determined period, totalizing nine different days to analysis. With the study of the results, it was verified that the sealing masonry made using solid ceramic bricks had larger humidity values comparing to sealings in conventional brickwork (using hollow ceramic blocks and plaster), although, even with larger identification of humidity, it still had a smaller pathology scale , thus being less affected by the retained humidity. Anyway, it was possible to verify the big importance of a good sealing project and of the right execution and usage of the foundation beams, resulting in a bigger comfort and health to the user; besides from avoid additional charge needed for the correction of future problems related to the humidity from the ground. In short, the research goal is to increase the constructions quality, through making the civil construction professionals aware about the control of the sealing and execution of the foundation beam, ensuring the impermeability of the sealings and avoiding problems that can be easily prevented by good planning and execution.