Vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) e protoparvovírus carnívoro 1 (CPPV-1): velhos conhecidos de carnívoros domésticos emergindo como ameaça importante aos selvagens ameaçados de extinção

Abstract

The wild fauna is exposed to several threats caused by anthropic and ecological disturbances, directly impacting the conservation of species. Among the threats listed, we highlight roadkill and infectious diseases. Several pathogenic agents typical of domestic animals can affect wild animals and the proximity between these species favors transmission, especially between evolutionarily close taxonomic groups, such as members of the Canidae and Felidae families. Canine distemper virus (CDV) and carnivorous protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) are old and important known from domestic carnivores emerging as a major threat to endangered wilds, due to high mortality and reduced population turnover. This study was divided into two chapters. Chapter 1 provides a theoretical framework about threats to wildlife conservation and relevant aspects of CDV and CPPV-1. Chapter 2 consists of a survey of these pathogens in biological samples of wild free-living species representing the families Aotidae, Canidae, Dasypodidae, Felidae, Mephitidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae and Tapiridae, victims of vehicular collisions in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. CPPV-1 was detected in the spleen of a bush dog (Speothos venaticus) and a jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi), while CDV RNA was detected in the liver of a P. yagouaroundi. The identification of CPPV-1 and CDV viral DNA and RNA in biological samples of two endangered and poorly studied wild species, victims of vehicular collisions, contributes to the knowledge of pathogens that are circulating in wild free-living populations.