Práticas alimentares de recém-nascidos pré-termo e com baixo peso até os 6 meses de idade corrigida: comparação entre Método Canguru e Cuidado Convencional

Abstract

Background: The Kangaroo Method (KM) is a model of perinatal care aimed at humanized, qualified care that promotes the participation of parents and other family members in the care of preterm and low birth weight newborns (LBW). Among its guidelines is the promotion of breastfeeding (BF) and early skin-to-skin contact. By supporting the AM, the MC can influence the feeding practices of LBW. Objectives: To compare the feeding practices of LBW according to the type of care received during and after hospital discharge (Kangaroo Method and Traditional Care). Methods: Prospective cohort study carried out in a university hospital (Uberlândia-Brazil) between 2019 and 2021. The sample consisted of 65 LBW (weight≤1800grams), divided into two groups, according to the type of care received (Traditional=19 RNBP; Kangaroo=46 RNBP). Data collection was performed in 3 moments: 1st) pre-hospital discharge; 2nd) 4th month and 3rd) 6th month of corrected age (CI). The consumption of 27 foods was analyzed in the last 2 periods of the follow-up and expressed in relative frequency. The indicators of feeding practices evaluated were: exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), mixed BF, introduction of solid, pasty and liquid foods. Categorical variables were expressed as absolute and relative numbers and continuous variables as mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis or Student's T test to compare numerical variables. Results: We found higher frequencies of EBF among LBW participating in the Kangaroo group pre-discharge (EBFTraditional=5.3%; EBFKangaroo=47.8%; p=0.001), but at 4 months of CI, all LBW had abandoned the EBF practice. The highest frequency of mixed BF was also observed in this same group at 4 (Traditional=5.6% and Kangaroo=35.0%; p=0.023) and 6 months of CI (Traditional=0.0% and Kangaroo=24, 4%; p=0.048). Indicators of consumption of solid, pasty and liquid foods were similar between the groups during follow-up, with a tendency to introduce liquid foods at 4 (77.6%) and 6 months of CI (89.5%). followed by solids, more frequently at 6 months of CI (91.2%) compared to 4 months of CI (25.9%). Regarding the type of food offered, there was a preference for fresh foods. Conclusion: Participating in the KM was associated with the practice of EB among LBW before hospital discharge and a higher frequency of mixed breastfeeding during the first six months of CI. Early supply of infant formula was similar between groups. The pattern of introduction of solid, liquid and pasty foods did not differ between the groups.