O ir e vir na cidade média: relações entre localização, densidade e usos do solo em Franca, São Paulo

Abstract

Brazilian cities, from the beginning of the 20th century, have assumed a trend of expansion with a center-periphery orientation, that is, spread throughout the territory, which causes an increase in the distances traveled daily by citizens to carry out their main activities, such as consumption, leisure, work and housing, especially for those who live in peripheral neighborhoods, with little diversity of use of the dolo and with rarefied densities, contributing to the majority use of private motorized transport, the automobile and consequently decreasing the preference for transport alternatives less harmful to the environment. From this scenario, a study is needed to investigate the relationships that can be established between travel behavior and characteristics of urban form such as location, density and land use. Given this, the research aims to determine which urban context, dispersed and monofunctional or centralized, multifunctional and consolidated, is configured as a desirable scenario from the point of view of offering adequate conditions for the usability of alternative transport (collective transport, walking, bicycles, etc.). ). Thus, the main objective is to analyze, from different situations, how density, land use and location are linked to the behavior of long-distance travel in medium-sized cities and the secondary ones are to discuss the concepts of compact and dispersed city, carry out the home study in the city of Franca-SP and verify through sampling which zone presents the best results according to the parameters adopted. The expected result is to verify that peripheral sectors, with little diversity of land use and with densities which represent the sprawling urban model, favors the use of the private car, and therefore does not represent an ideal urban setting from the predetermined assessment scale, revealing the ineffectiveness of this urban trend while not contributing to the use of alternative low-impact transport. The research has an exploratory character, carried out through a Case Study, the methodology is based on quantitative procedures, based on a literature review, followed by field research and application of a questionnaire of origin and destination. The results were structured through the application of a evaluation scale developed in this work based on existing indicators computed through Computer Aided Design (CAD), generating illustrative maps in order to facilitate the analysis and comparisons between the studied areas. The main contribution of this study is through the obtained resolutions to support a reflection on the production of urban space in medium-sized Brazilian cities, relating it to the concepts of compact and sprawling city and mainly to contribute to the municipality to compose more efficient and effective planning actions related to low-impact urban mobility.