Alterações renais na prole adulta de ratas Wistar expostas a dietas com diferentes teores de lipídeos durante a gestação e lactação

Abstract

Experimental and human studies demonstrate that changes in the intrauterine environment can program diseases in the adult life of the progeny. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate possible renal changes in the adult offspring from Wistar rats exposed to a high-fat diet, with different levels of lipids, during pregnancy and lactation. For this, male and female Wistar rats were used for mating. Once pregnant, the rats and their 120-day old female pups were divided into groups: 1) Control - C: pups (n = 10) from dams who received a commercial diet (3.5% lipids); 2) Experimental 1 - E1: pups (n = 10) from dams who received a high-fat diet with 28% lipids; 3) Experimental 2: pups (n = 10) from dams who received a high fat diet with 40% lipids. Maternal parameters were evaluated, such as water, food, daily caloric and macronutrient consumption and body weight variation during pregnancy; and offspring parameters such as determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary protein excretion (EUP), plasma triglyceride levels (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and blood glucose and kidney collection for quantification of cortical collagen and morphometric and immunohistochemistry studies. E2 dams consumed less food than E1 , in addition to less carbohydrates and proteins. The E1 dams consumed more calories than the other groups and, together with the E2 dams, consumed more lipids. The percentage of total collagen and type I collagen was higher in the experimental groups, mainly in E1, and the percentage of type III collagen was higher in E2. The animals from E2 showed a greater number of proliferating cells in the renal tubulointerstitial compartment (TBI) and, together with those of E1, they had greater expression of glomerular alpha-actin, which was more evident in E1, as well as the expression of TBI. The experimental groups, mainly E1, also showed greater glomerular expression of desmin. There were no significant differences between the groups in the morphometric studies, nor in the plasma levels of CT and TG and glycemia, but the E1 animals showed a reduction in GFR. Maternal consumption of high-fat diets, during pregnancy and lactation, can schedule important renal changes in the adult offspring of Wistar rats, but of different magnitude and type, depending on the lipid content of the diet.