Associação da ativação do glúteo máximo e médio no controle biomecânico de membro inferior em tarefas funcionais unipodais: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Functional single leg tasks are commonly used to assess lower limb movement and activation of muscles such as the gluteus medius (GMED) and gluteus maximus (GMAX), looking possible associations with neuromuscular deficits. However, there are still doubts about which would be the most adequate task for the assessment of hip and knee movement, with an emphasis on muscle activation of the GMED and GMAX. The aim of this dissertation was to identify the role of the gluteal muscles in the biomechanical control of the lower limb during functional single leg tasks and to identify the most appropriate tasks for the assessment and treatment of conditions with motor control deficits. For this, a literature review was carried out covering topics of gluteal anatomy and function, single leg tasks functional tasks and lower limb motor control, in addition to a systematic review article whose searches were performed in the following indexing databases: Pubmed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Sportdiscus, selecting primary cross-sectional studies performed with asymptomatic individuals, and which contained kinematic and/or kinetic results related to the articular complex of the hip and/or knee, measured by means of 3D or 2D movement analysis and electromyographic analysis of activation of GMED and/or GMAX. All selected studies had their risk of bias assessed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies instrument. In total, 11 studies were included in the sample. It was possible to observe that reductions in GMAX activation were associated with greater moments and angles of hip internal rotation, and reductions in GMED activation were associated with greater moments and angles of hip adduction and moments of knee abduction. The single leg squat task is possibly the most suitable for the assessment and treatment of conditions with motor control deficits due to the greater demand on the gluteal function. It is also noteworthy that the general quality of evidence demonstrates a high risk of bias in some studies, concealing possible confounding factors, which makes associations more cautious