Nível de contaminação por micro-organismos indicadores e Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos de diferentes tipos de criação em pontos distintos do abate

Abstract

The chicken industry is among one of the largest meat producers in the world as well as presenting a niche market that seeks to consume products from less intensive systems such as hick and organic. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between different rearing systems in relation to the quantification of microorganisms that indicate hygiene and the presence of Salmonella spp in chicken carcasses; in addition to the antimicrobial resistance profile. The first chapter of this work was dedicated to presenting general considerations about the different forms of farming used in poultry and the relationship between chicken meat and the occurrence of foodborne diseases. In the second chapter, the objective was to compare the counts of microorganisms that indicate hygiene, occurrence and resistance profile to Salmonella spp antimicrobials isolated in chicken carcasses from different rearing systems and slaughtered in the same slaughterhouse located in Uberlândia-MG. 92 carcass samples were collected, being 30 FI (industrial chicken), 32 FSC (semi-free-range chicken) and 30 FC (free-range chicken). Counts were performed for aerobic mesophiles (AM) (log UFC / ml), total coliforms (CT) and thermotolerants (CTT) (NMP / ml). In the isolation of Salmonella spp, the methodology provided for by ISO 6579 and the suspect isolates were confirmed by PCR (ompC gene). Positive isolates were tested for resistance to the following antimicrobials: ampicillin (AMP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), azithromycin (AZI), cephalotin (CFL), tobramycin (TOB), cephalexin (CFE), cefotaxime (CTX), neomycin (NEO) , meropenem (MER) and ceftriaxone (CRO). It was noticed that in step A the free-range chicken was less contaminated than the animals from the other rearing systems, however, this difference was not verified in step B. It was also observed that the chickens originating from the free-range system had a level of contamination in the stage B higher than the other breeding systems evaluated for CTT. The search for Salmonella spp identified 2.17% positivity in slaughter stage A and 7.61% in stage B. Isolates of Salmonella spp showed greater resistance to the drugs ciprofloxacin (CIP), azithromycin (AZI), cephalothin (CFL) and Tobramycin (TOB) in which four or more isolates were resistant. With the results obtained it was possible to verify that the animals originated from the free-range farming system arrive at the slaughter establishment with less total contamination than the other production systems and that at the end of the slaughter, these carcasses present a higher level of contamination by CTT. No difference was observed between the breeding system and the presence of Salmonella spp, however, the high occurrence of the pathogen in step B and the identification of resistance to antimicrobials emphasize the need for more actions that reduce the risks to consumers of these products.