Prevalência dos padrões venosos presentes na fossa cubital: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

A large number of superficial veins are located in the cubital fossa, the site of choice for venipuncture and substance administration. These veins are arranged in several venous patterns, which are very variable, and there is no single classification to decribe this formation, which can interfere with the effectiveness of the collection of blood samples and cause injuries to the patient. A bibliographic survey was carried out in the main scientific databases wich resulted in 23 articles describing the diferente types of venous patterns performed using four methods: 1) application of a tourniquet, 2) dissection in cadavers, 3) use of venous decive images and transillumination and, 4) mixed method that used tourniquet and dissection. The results of these 23 studies were grouped according to the methods of visualization of the venous patters used. The tourniquet method was used in 12 studies, the dissection in 06, the imaging na transillumination apparatus in 03 and the mixed dissection and tourniquete method in other 02. It was the possible to conclude, after analyzing the main types of venous architect in diferente populations, that two patterns were prevalente: 1) the median antecubital vein is divided into the median cephalic vein and the median basilic vein, which join the cephalic and basilic veins respectively, and 2) the connection of the cephalic and basilic veins is through the median antecubital vein. The need to define a single standard was verified, to facilitate the comparison between the works.