Otimização de potência reativa em sistemas elétricos com energia solar fotovoltaica utilizando algoritmo genético

Abstract

The electrical equipment is designed to operate within a specified voltage range, and it presents unsatisfactory performances or even does not work when it is supplied with voltages very different from their nominal values. Therefore, the electricity supplied to final consumers must comply with quality guidelines specified in regulatory standards. In Brazil, the Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) is responsible for regulating and inspecting the quality of electricity. In this context, the present research aims to optimize the reactive power in electrical systems with photovoltaic plants, to improve the voltage profile of all system buses, and contribute to the quality of electric power. For this, it is proposed a specific optimization algorithm, the genetic algorithm, which is used to determine the best reactive power values that the photovoltaic plant and the synchronous compensators must absorb from or supply to the electrical system to obtain the desired bus voltage. The proposed methodology is validated with the analysis of the 14-bar IEEE electrical system, in which a photovoltaic plant with 10.62 MW of active power was connected. Studies were carried out in six different load scenarios of the literature, in order to change the voltage levels of the original system and observe the performance of the proposed algorithm. With the analysis of the results, it is observed that the developed genetic algorithm is efficient to determine the reactive power values from the photovoltaic plant and the synchronous compensators that result in voltage level reduction or increase, allowing the system bus voltages to be as close as possible to 1.0 pu to meet ANEEL requirements.